The thirty years war 16181648 was a series of wars principally fought in central europe, involving most of the countries of europe. The french intervention button text due to the deaths of gustavus adolphus and wallenstein, as well as by exhaustion on both the holy roman and german protestant side, the treaty of prague in 1635 brought an end to the swedish period of the war, weakening the. Most textbooks refer to two different series of events as the thirty years war. Thirty years war 161848, in european history, a series of wars fought by various nations for various reasons, including religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial rivalries. In any meaningful sense, france won the thirty years war. He entered the thirty year s war the following year and won a series of battles against the catholic league. While spain was busy fighting the mantuan war, the swedes had intervened in the thirty years war in germany under gustavus adolphus in 1630, supported by french and dutch subsidies. The war ended in stalemate and diplomats gathered to patch up affairs in the peace of westpahlia 1648.
Nov 16, 2017 what if the catholics won the thirty years war. The french position is part of the logical continuation of the struggle undertaken since the beginning of the 16th century against the two habsburgs houses, those of spain and those of austria. The main winners of the thirty years war were france, the dutch republic, and sweden. Toby osborne at durham university who won the thirty years war. Thirty years war students britannica kids homework help. One of the most destructive conflicts in human history, 14 it resulted in eight million fatalities not only from military engagements but also from violence, famine, and plague. It remains one of the longest and most brutal wars in human history, with more than 8 million. The many theaters of the thirty years war the netherlands, italy, and germany were intertwined. In 1648, the swedes and the french defeated the imperial army at the battle of zusmarshausen, and the spanish at lens, and later won the battle of prague, which. It also gave a beginning to the era of modern army, disciplined and qualified. Out of all the countries involved in the conflict it was sweden who emerged as the predominant power of eastern europe, a title they would hold until the great northern war with russia. The savage european conflict known to history as the thirty years war was in its th year.
Falklands war 30 years on and how it turned thatcher into a world celebrity. More fundamentally, the term religious war has little utility as a historical concept. What we now know as the thirty years war lasted until 1648. Contemporary painting showing the battle of white mountain 1620dame veronica wedgwood concluded her celebrated account of the thirty years war, first. Thirty years ago, hollywood won the battle against the x. Armies maneuver on a point to point map of southern germany based on the road network available at the time.
The thirty years war was a series of conflicts that began early in the 17th century in the holy roman empire and finally involved much of europe. Thirty years war 161848, in european history, a series of wars fought by. Oct 22, 2019 the thirty years war, a series of wars fought by european nations for various reasons, ignited in 1618 over an attempt by the king of bohemia the future holy roman emperor ferdinand ii to. It remains one of the longest and most brutal wars.
The thirty years war began as a religious civil war between the protestants and roman catholics in germany that engaged the austrian habsburgs and the german princes. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. After years of bloodshed and war, the peace of westphalia would signal the end of the 30 years war. The war lasted for 30 years, but the problems that caused the war were not fixed for a long time after the war was over. The thirty years war was a 17thcentury religious conflict fought primarily in central europe. Woe betide any cut that rendered its repeat impossible. Mar 25, 2015 french military involvement in the thirty years war got off to a poor start.
The thirty years war 16181648 was one of the most disastrous conflicts in european history. Chapter 5 section 3 study guide by bobbitrentman includes questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Most of the fighting took place in the holy roman empire, although the war grew to include european powers outside of the empire. Falklands war 30 years on and how it turned thatcher into.
Europes tragedy is a history of prodigious erudition that manages to corral the byzantine complexity of the thirty years war into a coherent narrative. By 1629 he had also driven the poles out of land bordering the baltic and made safe his crown. The thirty years war was caused by the split of the catholic church, oterwise known as. In fact, almost all of the powerful countries in europe were involved in the war. Religious issues were at stake in other conflicts both before and after the thirty years war without these being interpreted as sectarian struggles. A deadly continental struggle, the thirty years war devastated seventeenthcentury europe, killing nearly a quarter of all germans and laying waste to towns and countryside alike. May 31, 2017 a mass grave from the thirty years war was uncovered in germany a few years ago. The hapsburgs of spain and austria, on the other hand, were. French military involvement in the thirty years war got off to a poor start. Most of the first or early battles of the thirty years war were won by the hapsburgs. One of the most destructive conflicts in human history, it resulted in eight million fatalities not only from military engagements but also from violence, famine, and plague. Oct 26, 2012 the reason for the battle of the thirty years war was to battle for religious control of holy roman empire.
The peace of westphalia ended the thirty years war in 1648. At the beginning it was a religious conflict between the protestant princes and the house of. Dec 06, 2018 ulinka rublack at the university of cambridge. Thirty years war simple english wikipedia, the free.
France emerged from the wars at the time, people just said the wars or the german wars with its position strongly enhanced relative to its habsburg rivals in both spain and the austrian lands. Defence of the true religion was a general characteristic of all public policy in early modern europe. Spain can probably be said to have had a net loss, as the war resulted or permitted. He was a great leader of the catholics but ended up murdered by his own mercenaries after attempting retaliation for his dismissal. Tilly won a decisive victory over the forces of fredreick v at the battle of white mountain, near prague. Christian iv, king of denmark and norway 15881648, who led two unsuccessful wars against sweden and brought disaster upon his country by leading it into the thirty years war. One occurs in the first half of the 17th century and the other in the middle of the 18th century.
The creation of the nc17 rating in 1990 appeared to be a new horizon for art house film. The thirty years war was the last major religious war in mainland europe, and the destruction wrought by mercenary soldiers led many nations to begin developing standing national armies instead. Each game is centered around a major battle or full campaign season. France and the thirty years war history learning site. The thirty years war 161848, though preeminently a german war, was also of great importance for the history of the whole of europe, not only because nearly all the countries of western europe took part in it, but also on account of its connection with the other great european wars of the same era and on account of its final results. The war soon developed into a devastating struggle for the balance of power in europe. He energetically promoted trade and shipping, left a national heritage of fine buildings, and won repute as a plucky. Under this peace, german princes were given the right to create political alliances outside the. The protestants and the roman catholics in germany had differing views which caused a divide between them. What began as a local, religious conflict became more and more continental and political with each expanding. As a result, military victories did not prove decisive. So, in 1617, ferdinand was elected by the bohemian estates to become the crown prince.
The thirty years war was the last of the great religious wars on the european continent, and it effectively ended the centurylong bloodshed following the reformation. The thirty years war is sometimes also called the european civil war. Bell a dri hans pymthek warn ugens was an alleged state of war between the netherlands and the isles of scilly located off the southwest coast of great britain, and its existence is disputed. Peter wilson offers the first new history in a generation of a horrifying conflict. You must be certain that you do not confuse these two events. Its destructive campaigns and battles occurred over most of europe, and, when it ended, the map of europe had been irrevocably changed. The bohemian phase of the thirty years war thus ended with a. That phrase certainly appears in his book, on the state of the german empire, first published in 1667. The german states were devastated and the structure of the holy roman empire broken.
Sep 11, 2015 the thirty years war 19141945 historian jay winter on the article 231 of the peace treaty of 1918, the godfather of chinese communism, and the competition between germany and britain. The initial phase, what historians refer to as the bohemian revolt, was a result of the holy roman emperor, ferdinand ii, attempting to assert imperial and catholic control over territories that had. Apr 23, 2009 the results of the thirty years war were complex, with many participants both winning and loosing points. Emperor ferdinand ii regained the bohemian throne, maximilian of bavaria acquired the palatinate. Within two years he controlled the whole of northern germany for the protestant cause, and was dubbed the lion of the north. Three catholic govt officials were thrown out of a window in prague.
The treaty of westphalia is signed, ending the thirty years war and radically shifting the balance of power in europe. The habsburgs did not win the wars, but their loss. The thirty years war was one of the greatest and longest armed contests of the early modern period. There were several reasons that the thirty years war started. It started as a conflict between protestants and roman catholics but soon became a struggle for political power. Emperor matthias, who had no children, had died leaving the throne to ferdinand ii. To begin, some of the issues that lay behind it must first be understood. Oct 15, 2011 a deadly continental struggle, the thirty years war devastated seventeenthcentury europe, killing nearly a quarter of all germans and laying waste to towns and countryside alike. Christians defeat and the peace of lubeck in 1629 finished denmark as a european power, but swedens gustav ii adolf. Wilson unravels one of the most notoriously bloody and complex conflicts in european history to answer the question.
While the peace negotiations had been dragging on, events elsewhere in europe of course had not stood still. The economist explains what happened in the thirty years war. The thirty years war was the result of a religious conflict beginning in the early 1,600s. Dame veronica wedgwood concluded her celebrated account of the thirty years war, first published in 1938, by claiming it solved no problem and was the. Though it was primarily centered in germany, several other countries became involved in the conflict, including france, spain, and sweden. The thirty years war caused things like famine and disease in almost every country involved. The thirty years war, a series of wars fought by european nations for various reasons, ignited in 1618 over an attempt by the king of bohemia the future holy roman emperor ferdinand ii to. Many people know very little about the korean conflict, overshadowed as it is by both world war ii and vietnam. What were the results of the thirty years war answers. He was born a czech protestant, however when the thirty years war came around he offered his services to the holy roman emperor obviously on the catholic side, angling for land and titles. Swedish intervention in the thirty years war wikipedia. Why did france side with the protestants during the 30. The thirty years war was a war fought primarily in central europe between 1618 and 1648.
The spanish made timely and generous concessions to the swiss protestants in the valtelline and therefore stability was brought back to the area. England, the english and the thirty years war 16181648. It was a military conflict that took place between 1630 and 1635, during the course of the thirty years war. It is a twoplayer game of operational warfare in the 17th century. For seven months the protestant city of magdeburg, in northern germany, had been under siege by catholic forces of the holy roman empire. The swedish invasion of the holy roman empire, or the swedish intervention in the thirty years war is a historically accepted division of the thirty years war. In americas 30 years war, vazsonyia concert pianist and political commentator who arrived in the united states in 1959, fleeing his native hungary after the failed revolt against soviet occupationelaborates upon his distinction between the angloamerican principles of liberty he finds in the founding fathers intentions and the franco. The thirty years war persuaded everybody that neither the protestants nor the catholics could be completely victorious and dreams of an empire, united under a catholic church had to be abandoned. Mar, 2017 battles of the thirty years war march, 2017 march 10, 2017 charles atkins leave a comment the 17 th century oversaw the modernization of war, from upgrades in weaponry to revaluations of battle tactics, from the replacement of old arms with new ones to the invention of new army procedures and formations. This thesis explores the role of england and the english during the thirty years war 1618 1648, and provides the first major study of the between 50,000 and 60,000 englishmen who fought for the protestant cause within the armies of countries such as the dutch republic, denmark and sweden. Thirty years war the thirty years war 16181648 was fought primarily in. It started out as a war between catholic and lutherans, and eight million people died. Dame veronica wedgwood concluded her celebrated account of the thirty years war, first published in 1938, by claiming it solved no problem and was the outstanding example in european history of meaningless conflict. The conflict was finally settled at the negotiating table, not on the battlefield.
Rohan was abandoned by the swiss rebels and had to withdraw to france. Ten minute history the thirty years war short documentary. The thirty years war, a combination of numerous religious, political and economic factors, was probably the most defining moment in european history until the first world war, and so it should be ripe with royal drama, thrilling exploits, military spectacles and political intrigue. The thirty years war can be roughly divided into four parts. Event that sparked the bohemian phase of the thirty years war the first phase. The thirty years war was bitterly fought and terribly destructive. Eventually as these small disputes spiraled into larger conflicts war. In 1625 king christian iv of denmark saw an opportunity to gain valuable territory in germany to balance his earlier loss of baltic provinces to sweden. The thirty years war was a european continental war that took place from 16181648 thirty years.
After the thirty years war ended in 1648, habsburg influence over much of germany was reduced and the monarchy eventually evolved into the austrohungarian empire. Peter wilson published in history today volume 59 issue 8 august 2009. Won by the sword is the first game in ben hulls great campaigns of the thirty years war series. Dec 31, 2019 the thirty years war 16181648 was one of the most disastrous conflicts in european history. The thirty years war consisted of multiple phases, lasting from 1618 to 1648. The thirty years war was fought from 1618 until 1648. It was a series of battles fought over most of europe, although the primary battleground was germany.
Thirty years ago, hollywood won the battle against the x rating. What began as a local, religious conflict became more and more continental and political with each expanding phase of the war. Some historians have argued that it was a series of separate wars that happened to overlap in time and space rather than one coherent sequence of military campaigns in which a clearly defined set of issues was at. To this day the thirty years war stands as one of my listeners favourite projects, but i want to know what you think. Peter wilson offers the first new history in a generation of a horrifying conflict that transformed the map of the modern world. The third, perhaps, is that the initial victor may not prove the eventual winner.
For other uses, see thirty years war disambiguation. The thirty years war began 400 years ago and were all. Then, on the morning of may 20, 1631, the imperial besiegers launched their final, and this time successful, assault. It was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in european history, and one of the longest continuous wars in modern history.